Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced from water by electrolysis using renewable energy, such as solar and wind energy. In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, this generates heat, which can be utilized in the district heating network, among other uses. Improved technology and growing access to renewable energy have made green hydrogen an increasingly attractive option for expanding sustainable industrial production based on innovative solutions.
Hydrogen is an ideal fuel for climate as its burning produces only water vapor, in addition to energy. Industry, on the other hand, needs hydrogen for the manufacture of fertilizers and the processing of fuels, among other uses. Green hydrogen can also be used in several industrial processes that require energy or chemicals. For example, in the steel industry, one of the largest sources of CO₂ emissions, hydrogen can be used to replace coal in reducing iron ore.
Until now, hydrogen has been produced mainly from natural gas. The global climate emissions of this grey hydrogen are equal to the combined annual emissions of the United Kingdom and Indonesia. Therefore, how hydrogen is produced plays a major role in the fight against climate change. Finland is estimated to be one of the most competitive countries in Europe in the production of green hydrogen due to low production costs and sustainably sourced raw materials, including water and renewable energy.
The production process requires a reliable electricity system to function in the best possible way for both production and the transmission network. In Finland, onshore wind power is the best way to produce electricity for hydrogen production. Onshore wind power is already the most affordable form of electricity production in Finland, producing over 10% of the electricity used in the country. By 2050, the share is projected to rise to more than 50%, partly boosted by green hydrogen production. Compared to other European countries, Finland has a large wind power capacity, a high-quality electricity network, biogenic CO₂ available, and expertise in project implementation.
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